Buffalo Bill

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_Bill) Children Four children, two of whom diedyoung: Kit died of scarlet fever in April, 1876, and his daughter Orra died in1880 William Frederick “Buffalo Bill” Cody (February 26, 1846 January 10, 1917)was an American soldier, bison hunter and showman. He was born in the IowaTerritory (now the American state of Iowa), near Le Claire. He was one of themost colorful figures of the American Old West, and mostly famous for the showshe organized with cowboy themes. Buffalo Bill received the Medal of Honor in1872. Contents 1 Nickname and work life 2 Early years 3 Military service 3.1Medal of Honor 4 Buffalo Bill’s Wild West 4.1 Irrigation 5 Life in Cody,Wyoming 6 Life in Staten Island, New York 7 Death 8 Legacy 9 In film andtelevision 10 The false Italian pedigree 11 Buffalo Bill’s / defunct 12 OtherBuffalo Bills 13 See also 14 References 15 Further reading 16 External links //Nickname and work life William Frederick Cody (“Buffalo Bill”) got his nicknameafter he undertook a contract to supply Kansas Pacific Railroad workers withbuffalo meat. The nickname originally referred to Bill Comstock. Cody earnedthe nickname by killing 4,860 American Bison (commonly known as buffalo) ineight months (186768). He and Comstock eventually competed in a shooting matchover the exclusive right to use the name, which Cody won. In addition to hisdocumented service as a soldier during the Civil War and as Chief of Scouts forthe Third Cavalry during the Plains Wars, Cody claimed to have worked manyjobs, including as a trapper, bullwhacker, “Fifty-Niner” in Colorado, a PonyExpress rider in 1860, wagonmaster, stagecoach driver, and even a hotelmanager, but it’s unclear which claims were factual and which were fabricatedfor purposes of publicity. He became world famous for his Wild West Shows.Early years William Cody at age 19 While giving an anti-slavery speech at thelocal trading post, his father so inflamed the supporters of slavery in theaudience that they formed a mob and one of them stabbed him. Cody helped todrag his father to safety, although he never fully recovered from his injuries.The family was constantly persecuted by the supporters of slavery, forcingIsaac Cody to spend much of his time away from home. His enemies learned of aplanned visit to his family and plotted to kill him on the way. Cody, despitehis youth and the fact that he was ill, rode 30 miles (48 km) towarn his father. Cody’s father died in 1857 from complications from hisstabbing. After his father’s death, the Cody family suffered financialdifficulties, and Cody, aged 11, took a job with a freight carrier as a “boyextra,” riding up and down the length of a wagon train, delivering messages.From here, he joined Johnston’s Army as an unofficial member of the scoutsassigned to guide the Army to Utah to put down a falsely-reported rebellion bythe Mormon population of Salt Lake City. According to Cody’s account in BuffaloBill’s Own Story, the Utah War was where he first began his career as an“Indian fighter”. Presently the moon rose, dead ahead of me; and painted boldlyacross its face was the figure of an Indian. He wore this war-bonnet of theSioux, at his shoulder was a rifle pointed at someone in the river-bottom30 feet (9 m) below; in another second he would drop one of myfriends. I raised my old muzzle-loader and fired. The figure collapsed, tumbleddown the bank and landed with a splash in the water. ‘What is it?’ calledMcCarthy, as he hurried back. ‘It’s over there in the water,’. ‘Hi!’ he cried.‘Little Billy’s killed an Indian all by himself!’ So began my career as anIndian fighter. At the age of 14, Cody was struck by gold fever, but on his wayto the gold fields, he met an agent for the Pony Express. He signed with themand after building several way stations and corrals was given a job as a rider,which he kept until he was called home to his sick mother’s bedside. Militaryservice circa 1875 After his mother recovered Cody wished to enlist as asoldier, but was refused for his age. He began working with a United Statesfreight caravan which delivered supplies to Fort Laramie. In 1863 he enlistedas a teamster with the rank of Private in Company H, 7th Kansas Cavalry andserved until discharged in 1865. From 1868 until 1872 Cody was employed as ascout by the United States Army. Part of this time he spent scouting forIndians, and the remainder was spent gathering and killing bison for them andthe Kansas Pacific Railroad. In January 1872 Cody was a scout for Grand DukeAlexei Alexandrovich of Russia’s highly publicized royal hunt. Medal of HonorCody received a Medal of Honor in 1872 for “gallantry in action” while servingas a civilian scout for the 3rd Cavalry Regiment. In 1917, the U.S.Congressfterrevising the standards for award of the medalevoked 911 medals previouslyawarded either to civilians, or for actions that would not warrant a Medal ofHonor under the new higher standards. After Dr. Mary Edwards Walker’s medal wasrestored in 1977, other reviews began that led to Cody’s medallong with thosegiven to four other civilian scoutseing re-instated on June 12, 1989. BuffaloBill’s Wild West The Wild West Show, 1890 In December 1872 Cody traveled toChicago to make his stage debut with friend Texas Jack Omohundro in The Scoutsof the Prairie, one of the original Wild West shows produced by Ned Buntline.During the 1873-74 season, Cody and Omohundro invited their friend James Butler“Wild Bill” Hickok to join them in a new play called Scouts of the Plains. Thetroupe toured for ten years and his part typically included an 1876 incident atthe Warbonnet Creek where he claimed to have scalped a Cheyenne warrior,purportedly in revenge for the death of George Armstrong Custer. It was the ageof great showmen and traveling entertainers. Cody put together a new travelingshow based on both of those forms of entertainment. In 1883 in the area ofNorth Platte, Nebraska he founded “Buffalo Bill’s Wild West,” (despite popularmisconception, the word “show” was not a part of the title) a circus-likeattraction that toured annually. In 1893 the title was changed to “BuffaloBill’s Wild West and Congress of Rough Riders of the World”. The show beganwith a parade on horseback, with participants from horse-culture groups thatincluded US and other military, American Indians, and performers from all overthe world in their best attire. There were Turks, Gauchos, Arabs, Mongols andGeorgians, among others, each showing their own distinctive horses and colorfulcostumes. Visitors to this spectacle could see main events, feats of skill,staged races, and sideshows. Many authentic western personalities were part ofthe show. For example Sitting Bull and a band of twenty braves appeared. Cody’sheadline performers were well known in their own right. People like AnnieOakley and her husband Frank Butler put on shooting exhibitions along with thelikes of Gabriel Dumont. Buffalo Bill and his performers would re-enact theriding of the Pony Express, Indian attacks on wagon trains, and stagecoachrobberies. The show typically ended with a melodramatic re-enactment ofCuster’s Last Stand in which Cody himself portrayed General Custer. SittingBull and Buffalo Bill, Montreal, QC, 1885 The profits from his show enabled himto purchase a 4,000-acre (16 km2) ranch near North Platte, Nebraska in1886. Scout’s Rest Ranch included an eighteen-room mansion and a large barn forwinter storage of the show’s livestock. In 1887 he took the show to Britain incelebration of the Jubilee year of Queen Victoria. The show was staged inLondon before going on to Birmingham and then Salford near Manchester, where itstayed for five months. In 1889 the show toured Europe. In 1890 he met Pope LeoXIII. He set up an exhibition near the Chicago World’s Fair of 1893, whichgreatly contributed to his popularity, and also vexed the promoters of thefair. As noted in The Devil in the White City, he had been rebuffed in hisrequest to be part of the fair, so he set up shop just to the west of thefairgrounds, drawing many of their patrons away. Since his show was not part ofthe fair, he was not obligated to pay the promoters any royalties, which theycould have used to temper their financial problems. Irrigation Larry McMurtry,along with some historians such as RL Wilson, asserts that at the turn of the20th century Buffalo Bill Cody was the most recognizable celebrity on earth.And yet, despite all of the recognition and appreciation Cody’s show broughtfor the Western and American Indian cultures, Buffalo Bill saw the AmericanWest change dramatically during his tumultuous life. Bison herds, which hadonce numbered in the millions, were now threatened with extinction. Railroadscrossed the plains, barbed wire, and other types of fences divided the land forfarmers and ranchers, and the once-threatening Indian tribes were now almostcompletely confined to reservations. Wyoming’s resources of coal, oil andnatural gas were beginning to be exploited towards the end of his life. Eventhe Shoshone River was dammed for hydroelectric power as well as forirrigation. In 1897 and 1899 Cody and his associates acquired from the State ofWyoming the right to take water from the Shoshone River to irrigate about169,000 acres (680 km2) of land in the Big Horn Basin. They begandeveloping a canal to carry water diverted from the river, but their plans didnot include a water storage reservoir. Cody and his associates were unable toraise sufficient capital to complete their plan. Early in 1903 they joined withthe Wyoming Board of Land Commissioners in urging the federal government tostep in and help with irrigation development in the valley. The ShoshoneProject became one of the first federal water development projects undertakenby the newly formed Reclamation Service, later to become known as the Bureau ofReclamation. After Reclamation took over the project in 1903, investigatingengineers recommended constructing a dam on the Shoshone River in the canyonwest of Cody. Construction of the Shoshone Dam started in 1905, a year afterthe Shoshone Project was authorized. Almost three decades after itsconstruction, the name of the dam and reservoir was changed to Buffalo Bill Damby an act of Congress to honor Cody. Life in Cody, Wyoming In 1895, WilliamCody was instrumental in the founding of Cody, the seat of Park County innorthwestern Wyoming. The site where the community was established is now theOld Trail Town museum, which honors the traditions of Western life. Cody firstpassed through the region in the 1870s. He was so impressed by the developmentpossibilities from irrigation, rich soil, grand scenery, hunting, and proximityto Yellowstone Park that he returned in the mid-1890s to start a town. Hebrought with him men whose names are still on street signs in Cody downtownarea Beck, Alger, Rumsey, Bleistein and Salsbury. The town was incorporated in1901. In November 1902, Cody opened the Irma Hotel in downtown Cody, a hotelnamed after his daughter. He envisioned a growing number of tourists coming tothe town via the recently opened Burlington rail line. He expected that theywould spend money at local business including the Irma Hotel. Cody alsoexpected that they would proceed up the Cody Road along the North Fork of theShoshone River to visit Yellowstone Park. To accommodate travelers along theCody Road, Cody completed construction of the Wapiti Inn and Pahaska Tepee in1905 and opened both to guests. Cody also established the TE Ranch, which waslocated on the South Fork of the Shoshone River about thirty-five miles fromCody. When he acquired the TE property, he ordered the movement of Nebraska andSouth Dakota cattle to Wyoming. This new herd carried the TE brand. The late1890s were relatively prosperous years for Buffalo Bill’s Wild West and he usedsome of the profits to accumulate lands which were added to the TE holdings.Eventually Cody held around eight thousand acres (32 km) of private landfor grazing operations and ran about a thousand head of cattle. He alsooperated a dude ranch, pack horse camping trips, and big game hunting businessat and from the TE Ranch, on the South fork of the Shoshone River. In hisspacious and comfortable ranch house he entertained notable guests from Europeand America. Life in Staten Island, New York Cody brought his “Wild West Show”to an area of Mariners Harbor called Erastina (named for Staten Island promoterErastus Wiman) for two seasons from June to October in 1886 and again in 1887.During the winter of 1886, the show moved indoors to Madison Square Garden. Hisshow, featuring Native Americans, trick riders, “the smallest cowboy” andsharpshooters (including Annie Oakley) is said to have drawn millions ofvisitors to the island. His 1879 autobiography is titled The Life andAdventures of Buffalo Bill Death Buffalo Bill’s grave on Lookout Mountain inColorado. William F. Cody died of kidney failure on January 10, 1917,surrounded by family and friends at his sister’s house in Denver. Cody wasbaptized into the Roman Catholic Church the day before his death by FatherChristopher Walsh of the Denver Cathedral. Upon the news of Cody’s death, hereceived tributes from King George V of the United Kingdom, Kaiser Wilhelm IIof Imperial Germany, and President Woodrow Wilson. His funeral was in Denver atthe Elks Lodge Hall. Wyoming Governor John B. Kendrick, a friend of Cody’s, ledthe funeral procession to the Elks Lodge. Contrary to popular belief, Cody wasnot destitute, but his once great fortune had dwindled to under $100,000.Despite his request in an early will to be buried in Cody, Wyoming, a laterwill left his burial arrangements up to his wife Louisa. To this day, there iscontroversy as to where Cody should have been buried. According to the writerLarry McMurtry, Harry Tammen and Frederick Gilmer Bonfils of the Denver Post,who had strong-armed Cody into appearing in their Sells-Floto Circus, either“bullied or bamboozled the grieving Louisa” and had Cody buried in Colorado.This is consistent with an account by Gene Fowler, who wrote Cody’s obituaryfor the Post under direction from Tammen and Bonfils. On June 3, 1917, Cody wasburied on Colorado’s Lookout Mountain in Golden, Colorado, west of the city ofDenver, on the edge of the Rocky Mountains, overlooking the Great Plains. Hisexact burial site was selected by his sister, Mrs. Mary Decker, while lookingover the area accompanied by W.F.R. Mills, manager of the Denver MountainParks. In 1948 the Cody branch of the American Legion offered a reward for the‘return’ of the body, so the Denver branch mounted a guard over the grave untila deeper shaft could be blasted into the rock. Legacy Buffalo Bill Cody in 1903In contrast to his image and stereotype as a rough-hewn outdoorsman, BuffaloBill pushed for the rights of American Indians and women. In addition, despitehis history of killing bison, he supported their conservation by speaking outagainst hide-hunting and pushing for a hunting season. Buffalo Bill became sowell known and his exploits so well entrenched in American culture that hischaracter has appeared in many literary works, as well as television shows andmovies, and on two U.S. postage stamps. Westerns were very popular in the 1950sand 60s, and Buffalo Bill would make an appearance in many of them. As acharacter, he is in the very popular Broadway musical Annie Get Your Gun, whichwas very successful both with Ethel Merman and more recently with BernadettePeters in the lead role. Having been a frontier scout who respected thenatives, he was a staunch supporter of their rights. He employed many morenatives than just Sitting Bull, feeling his show offered them a better life,calling them “the former foe, present friend, the American”, and once said,“Every Indian outbreak that I have ever known has resulted from broken promisesand broken treaties by the government”. While in his shows the Indians wereusually the “bad guys”, attacking stagecoaches and wagon trains in order to bedriven off by “heroic” cowboys and soldiers, Bill also had the wives andchildren of his Indian performers set up camp as they would in the homelands aspart of the show, so that the paying public could see the human side of the“fierce warriors”, that they were families like any other, just part of adifferent culture. The city of Cody, Wyoming was founded in 1896 by Cody andsome investors, and is named for him. It is the home of the Buffalo BillHistorical Center. Fifty miles from Yellowstone National Park, it became atourist magnet with many dignitaries and political leaders coming to hunt. Billdid indeed spend a great amount of time in Wyoming at his home in Cody.However, he also had a house in the town of North Platte, Nebraska and laterbuilt the Scout’s Rest Ranch there where he came to be with his family betweenshows. This western Nebraska town is still home to “Nebraskaland Days,” anannual festival including concerts and a large rodeo. The Scout’s Rest Ranch inNorth Platte is both a museum, and a tourist destination for thousands ofpeople every year. Buffalo Bill became a hero of the Bills, a Congolese youthsubculture of the late 1950s who idolized Western movies. The nickname of theK.A.A. Gent football club in Ghent, Belgium is De Buffalo’s (The Buffalos),which was adopted after the Wild West Show visited the area in the early 1900s.In film and television On television, his character has appeared on shows suchas Bat Masterson and even Bonanza. His persona has been portrayed as anythingfrom an elder statesman to a flamboyant, self-serving exhibitionist. BuffaloBill has been portrayed in the movies and on television by: bill the buffaloHimself (1898 and 1912) George Waggner (1924) John Fox, Jr. (1924) Jack Hoxie(1926) Roy Stewart (1926) William Fairbanks (1928) Tom Tyler (1931) DouglassDumbrille (1933) Earl Dwire (1935) Moroni Olsen (1935) Ted Adams (1936) JamesEllison (1936) Carlyle Moore (1938) Jack Rutherford (1938) George Reeves (1940)Roy Rogers (1940) Joel McCrea (1944) Richard Arlen (1947) Enzo Fiermonte (1949)Monte Hale (1949) Louis Calhern (1950) Tex Cooper (1951) Clayton Moore (1952)Rodd Redwing (1952) Charlton Heston (1953) William O’Neal (1957) MalcolmAtterbury (1958) James McMullan (1963) Gordon Scott (1964) Guy Stockwell (1966)Rufus Smith (1967) Matt Clark (1974) Michel Piccoli (1974) Paul Newman (1976)Buff Brady (1979) R. L. Tolbert (1979) Ted Flicker (1981) Robert Donner (1983)Ken Kercheval (1984) Jeffrey Jones (1987) Stephen Baldwin (1989) Brian Keith(1993) Dennis Weaver (1994) Keith Carradine (1995) Peter Coyote (1995) J. K.Simmons (2004) Frank Conniff (2005) Cameron Klinger (2008) Nicholas Campbell(2009) William Cody’s statue at the Buffalo Bill Historical Center in Cody,Wyoming. The false Italian pedigree Italy was among many countries wherestories recounting various adventures attributed to Buffalo Bill were highlypopular. In the 1930s and 1940s, the Nerbini Publishing House of Florencemonthly published such brochures, sold at 60 centesimi each. In 1942, whenFascist Italy found itself at war with the United States, the publisher added anote purporting to reveal that Buffalo Bill had actually been an Italianimmigrant named Domenico Tombini, originally from Romagna, Mussolini’s ownnative province – a pedigree for which no shred of historical evidence exists.In this way, the adventures could continue publication in wartime Italy, underthe title “Buffalo Bill, the Italian Hero of the Plains”. Buffalo Bill’s /defunct A free verse poem on mortality by E E Cummings uses Buffalo Bill as animage of life and vibrancy. The poem is generally untitled, and commonly knownby its first two lines: “Buffalo Bill’s / defunct”, however some books such asPoetry edited by J. Hunter uses the name “portrait”. The poem uses expressivephrases to describe Buffalo Bill’s showmanship, referring to his“watersmooth-silver / stallion”, and using a staccato beat to describe hisrapid shooting of a series of clay pigeons. The poem which featured thischaracter caused great controversy. The fusion of words such as“onetwothreefourfive” interprets the impression which Buffalo Bill left on hisaudiences. Other Buffalo Bills Buffalo Bill is also the name of amusician/producer/M.C. from the group Mechanics of Sound. Buffalo Bill is mostknown for his work with Melodic Undertone Production Group and his help in theunderground hiphop movement of San Antonio. Buffalo Bill was the first songwritten by Australian country music singer Sara Storer. Living in Camooweal,north of Mount Isa, she met a retired water buffalo shooter whose storiesinspired her to write Buffalo Bill, her first song. Buffalo Bill won a GoldenGuitar at the Tamworth Country Music Festival in 2001 for New Talent of theYear and appears on her first album, Chasing Buffalos. Buffalo Bill is also thename of a fictional character from Thomas Harris’s The Silence of the Lambs,who was also parodied in the movie Joe Dirt under the name Buffalo Bob. Twotelevision series, Buffalo Bill, Jr. (19556) starring Dickie Jones and BuffaloBill (19834) starring Dabney Coleman, had nothing to do with the historicperson. The Buffalo Bills, an NFL team based in Buffalo, New York, were namedafter Buffalo Bill. Prior to that team’s existence, other early football teams(such as Buffalo Bills (AAFC)) used the nickname, solely due to namerecognition, as Bill Cody had no special connection with the city. The BuffaloBills are a barbershop-quartet singing group consisting of Vern Reed, Al Shea,Bill Spangenberg, and Wayne Ward. They appeared in the original Broadway castof The Music Man (opened 1957) and in the 1962 motion-picture version of thatplay. Buffalo Bill is the title of a song by the jam band Phish. Buffalo Billis the name of a bluegrass band in Wisconsin. Samuel Cowdery, buffalo hunter,“wild west” showman and aviation pioneer changed his surname to “Cody” and wasoften taken for the original “Buffalo Bill” in his touring show Captain CodyKing of the Cowboys. William Wilson “Buffalo Bill” Quinn: Retired LieutenantGeneral and Silver Star recipient. He served in World War II as a colonel andbecame a full colonel in Korea; and at the end of Korea became a BrigadierGeneral. Bungalow Bill is the title of a song by the Beatles that indirectlyrefers to Buffalo Bill. Buffalo Bill is the title of a song by American rapperEminem See also United States Army portal American Civil War portal List ofMedal of Honor recipients for the Indian Wars Ned Buntline: Contemporary ofBuffalo Bill and author of successful dime novel series “Buffalo Bill Cody –King of the Border Men” William “Doc” Carver References ^ a b Herring, Hal(2008). Famous Firearms of the Old West: From Wild Bill Hickok’s Colt Revolversto Geronimo’s Winchester, Twelve Guns That Shaped Our History. TwoDot.pp. 224. ISBN 0762745088.  ^ a b c Cody, Col. William F: “TheAdventures of Buffalo Bill Cody”, 1st ed. page viii. New York and London:Harper & Brother, 1904 ^ a b c d e f g h i j Wilson, R.L. (1998). BuffaloBill’s Wild West: An American Legend. Random House. pp. 316. ISBN978-0375501067.  ^ a b c Carter, Robert A. (2002). Buffalo Bill Cody: TheMan Behind the Legend. Wiley. pp. 512. ISBN 978-0471077800.  ^ Milesfrom Nowhere: Tales from America’s Contemporary Frontier, Dayton Duncan, U ofNebraska Press, 2000 ISBN 0803266278, 9780803266278 ^ Polanski, Charles (2006).“The Medal’s History”. Congressional Medal of Honor Society. Archived from theoriginal on September 28, 2007.http://web.archive.org/web/20070928073912/http://www.cmohs.com/medal/medal_history.htm. ^ Sterner, C. Douglas (19992009). “Restoration of 6 Awards Previously PurgedFrom The Roll Of Honor”. HomeOfHeroes.com.http://www.homeofheroes.com/moh/corrections/restorations.html.  ^Performing the American Frontier, 1870-1906, Roger A. Hall, CambridgeUniversity Press, 2001, p.54, ISBN 0521793203, 9780521793209 ^ The life of Hon.William F. Cody, known as Buffalo Bill, the famous hunter, scout and guide. Anautobiography, F. E. BLISS. HARTFORD, CONN, 1879, p329 ^ Retrieved on2008-06-07 ^ Retrieved on 2008-06-07 ^ Could Building Site be burial ground ofthe lost warrior from Buffalo Bill’s show? Retrieved on 2008-04-25 ^ Kensel, W.Hudson. Pahaska Tepee, Buffalo Bill’s Old Hunting Lodge and Hotel, A History,1901-1946. Buffalo Bill Historical Center, 1987. ^ Staten Island on the Web:Famous Staten Islanders ^ a b Lloyd, J & Mitchinson, J: “The Book ofGeneral Ignorance”. Faber & Faber, 2006. ^ Larry McMurtry: “Sacagawea’sNickname”. New York Review of Books, 2001. ^ Colorado Transcript, May 17, 1917.^ The false Italian pedigree of Buffalo Bill is one of the many items unearthedby Umberto Eco during his extensive research into the pulp literature andpopular culture of Fascist Italy, undertaken for writing “The Mysterious Flameof Queen Loana” Further reading Buffalo Bill Days (June 2224, 2007). A 20-pagespecial section of The Sheridan Press, published in June 2007 by SheridanNewspapers, Inc., 144 Grinnell Avenue, Post Office Box 2006, Sheridan, Wyoming,82801, USA. (Includes extensive information about Buffalo Bill, as well as theschedule of the annual three-day event held in Sheridan, Wyoming.) Story of theWild West and Camp-Fire Chats by Buffalo Bill (Hon. W.F. Cody.) “A Full andComplete History of the Renowned Pioneer Quartette, Boone, Crockett, Carson andBuffalo Bill.”, c1888 by HS Smith, published 1889 by Standard Publishing Co.,Philadelphia, PA. The life of Hon. William F. Cody, known as Buffalo Bill, thefamous hunter, scout and guide. An autobiography, F. E. Bliss. Hartford, Conn,1879 Digitized from the Library of Congress. External links Wikimedia Commonshas media related to: Buffalo Bill buffalobill.org Works by Buffalo Bill atProject Gutenberg Buffalo Bill Historical Center The Scottish National BuffaloBill Archive Advert and press report about Buffalo Bill’s Wild West in Horsham,West Sussex, June 15, 1904 http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/wwquinn.htmv  d  e American Old West Towns Arizona Phoenix Tombstone  Tucson  Yuma California Bakersfield  Fresno  SanFrancisco  Los Angeles  San Diego  Jamestown  New MexicoAlamogordo  Albuquerque  Cimarron  Gallup  Lincoln Mogollon  Roswell  Santa Fe  Tucumcari Oklahoma BrokenArrow  Oklahoma City  Tulsa South Dakota Deadwood  Pine RidgeTexas Abilene  El Paso  San Antonio Others Carson City Denver  Dodge City  Hot Springs  Independence  Omaha Portland  Salt Lake City  Seattle  Virginia City ProminentFigures Wild West outlaws  Wild West lawmen  Cowboys andCowgirls  Wild Bill Hickok  Elfego Baca  Butch Cassidy Mangas Coloradas  Calamity Jane  Victorio  Billy the Kid Chiricahua  Wyatt Earp  Virgil Earp  Doc Holliday  BatMasterson  Jesse James and the James-Younger Gang  Liver-EatingJohnson  Annie Oakley  Buffalo Bill  Kit Carson  SittingBull  James C. 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