Washington Metro

History Metro under construction at the Navy Yard in 1989 During the 1960s,there were plans for a massive freeway system in Washington, but opposition tothis freeway system grew. Harland Bartholomew, who chaired the National CapitalPlanning Commission, thought that a rail transit system would never beself-sufficient because of low density land uses and general transit ridershipdecline. Finally, a mixed concept of a Capital Beltway system along with railline radials was agreed upon. The Beltway received full funding; funding forthe ambitious Inner Loop Freeway system was partially reallocated towardconstruction of the Metro system. Intersection of ceiling vaults at MetroCenter, a major transfer station In 1960, the federal government created theNational Capital Transportation Agency to develop a rapid rail system. In 1966,a bill creating WMATA was passed by the federal government, the District ofColumbia, Virginia, and Maryland, with planning power for the system beingtransferred to it from the NCTA. Interior of a rehabilitated Breda car WMATAapproved plans for a 98-mile (158 km) regional system in 1968, andconstruction began in 1969, with groundbreaking on December 9. The systemopened March 27, 1976, with 4.6 miles (7 kilometers) available on theRed Line with five stations from Rhode Island Avenue to Farragut North, all inthe District of Columbia. Arlington County, Virginia was linked to the systemon July 1, 1976; Montgomery County, Maryland on February 6, 1978; PrinceGeorge’s County, Maryland on November 20, 1978; and Fairfax County, Virginiaand Alexandria, Virginia on December 17, 1983. The 103-mile (166 km),83-station system was completed with the opening of the Green Line segment toBranch Avenue on January 13, 2001. This did not mean the end of the growth ofthe system: a 3.22-mile (5.18 km) extension of the Blue Line to Largo TownCenter and Morgan Boulevard opened on December 18, 2004. The first in-fillstation, New York Avelorida Aveallaudet U on the Red Line between Union Stationand Rhode Island Ave-Brentwood, opened November 20, 2004, and planning isunderway for an extension to Dulles Airport. Station display indicatingapproximate wait-time for upcoming trains Metro construction required billionsof federal dollars, originally provided by Congress under the authority of theNational Capital Transportation Act of 1969 (Public Law 91-143). The cost waspaid with 90% federal money and 10% local money. This act was amended onJanuary 3, 1980 by Public Law 96-184, “The National Capital TransportationAmendment of 1979″ (also known as the Stark-Harris Act), which authorizedadditional funding of $1.7 billion to permit the completion of 89.5 miles(144.0 km) of the system as provided under the terms of a full fundinggrant agreement executed with WMATA in July 1986, which required 25% to be paidfrom local funds. On November 15, 1990, Public Law 101-551, “The NationalCapital Transportation Amendments of 1990″, authorized an additional $1.3billion in federal funds for construction of the remaining 13.5 miles(21.7 km) of the 103-mile (166 km) system, completed via theexecution of full funding grant agreements, with a 63% federal/37% localmatching. The highest ridership for a single day was on the day of theinauguration of Barack Obama, January 20, 2009, with 1,120,000 riders. It brokethe previous record, set the day before, of 866,681 trips. June 2008 setseveral ridership records: it set the single-month ridership record of19,729,641 total riders, the record for highest average weekday ridership with772,826 weekday trips, had five of the ten highest ridership days, and had 12weekdays in which ridership exceed 800,000 trips. In February 2006, Metroofficials chose Randi Miller, a car dealership employee from Woodbridge,Virginia, to record new “doors opening”, “doors closing”, and “please standclear of the doors, thank you” announcements after winning an open contest toreplace the messages recorded by Sandy Carroll in 1996. Metro network See also:List of Washington Metro stations System maps Stylized map of existing linesand stations, based on official published map Map of system drawn to scaleSince opening in 1976, the Metro network has grown to include five lines, 86stations, and 106.3 miles (171.1 km) of track. The rail network isdesigned according to a spoke-hub distribution paradigm, with rail linesrunning between downtown Washington and its nearby suburbs. The system makesextensive use of interlining  running more than one service on the sametrack. There are five operating lines and one line under construction: LineName Opened Stations Termini   Red Line 1976 27 Shady Grove – Glenmont  Blue Line 1977 27 Franconiapringfield – Largo Town Center   OrangeLine 1978 26 Vienna/Fairfax-GMU – New Carrollton   Yellow Line 1983 17Huntington – Fort Totten / Mt Vernon Sq/7th St-Convention Center   GreenLine 1991 21 Branch Ave – Greenbelt   Silver Line (under construction)2013 23 Route 772 – Stadium-Armory There are 40 stations in the District ofColumbia, 14 in Prince George’s County, 12 in Montgomery County, 11 inArlington County, 6 in Fairfax County, and 3 in the City of Alexandria. TheSilver Line will add 11 new stations, 8 in Fairfax County and 3 in LoudounCounty, Virginia. About 50 miles (80 km) of Metro’s track isunderground, as are 47 of the 86 stations. Track runs underground mostly withinthe District and high-density suburbs. Surface track accounts for about46 miles (74 km) of the total, and aerial track makes up 9 miles(14 km). At 196 feet (60 m) below the surface, the Forest Glenstation on the Red Line is the deepest in the system. There are no escalators;high-speed elevators take 20 seconds to travel from the street to the stationplatform. The Wheaton station, next to Forest Glen station on the Red Line, hasthe second-longest continuous escalator in the world, the longest in theWestern Hemisphere, at 230 feet (70 m). The Rosslyn station is thedeepest station on the Orange/Blue Line, at 97 feet (30 m) belowstreet level. The station features the third-longest continuous escalator inthe world at 205 feet (62 m); an escalator ride between the streetlevel and the mezzanine level takes nearly two minutes. The system is notcentered on any single station, but Metro Center is at the intersection of theRed, Orange and Blue Lines, the three busiest lines. The station is also thelocation of WMATA’s main sales office. Metro has designated five other “corestations” that have high passenger volume, including: Gallery Placehinatown,transfer station for the Red, Green and Yellow Lines; L’Enfant Plaza, transferstation for the Orange, Blue, Green and Yellow Lines; Union Station, thebusiest station by passenger boardings; Farragut North; and Farragut West. Inorder to deal with the high number of passengers in transfer stations, Metro isstudying the possibility of building pedestrian connections between nearby coretransfer stations. For example, a 750-foot (230 m) passage between MetroCenter and Gallery Place stations would allow passengers to transfer betweenthe Orange/Blue and Yellow/Green Lines without going one stop on the Red Line.Another tunnel between Farragut West and Farragut North stations would allowtransfers between the Red and Orange/Blue lines, decreasing transfer demand atMetro Center by an estimated 11%. Metro runs special service patterns onholidays and when events in Washington may require additional service.Independence Day activities require Metro to adjust service in order to provideextra capacity to and from the National Mall. WMATA makes similar adjustmentsduring other events, such as presidential inaugurations. Metro has alteredservice and used some stations as entrances or exits only to help managecongestion. Rolling stock Main article: Washington Metro rolling stock Train ofRohr cars arriving at the Cheverly station Metro’s fleet consists of 1,126 railcars, each 75 feet (23 m) long. Trains have a maximum speed of59 miles per hour (95 km/h), and average 33 miles per hour(53 km/h) including stops. All cars operate as married pairs(consecutively numbered even-odd), with systems shared across the pair. Metrocurrently operates 850 cars during rush hours. 814 cars are in active service,and the remaining 36 cars compose gap trains to serve as backup should a trainexperience problems. Metro’s rolling stock was acquired in six phases, and eachversion of car is identified with a separate series number. The original orderof 300 rail cars (290 of which are in operation as of June 2009[update]) wasmanufactured by Rohr Industries, with final delivery in 1978. These cars arenumbered 10001299 and were rehabilitated in the mid-1990s. Breda CostruzioniFerroviarie (Breda) manufactured the second order of 76 cars delivered in 1983and 1984. These cars, numbered 20002075, were rehabilitated in the early 2000sby Alstom in Hornell, New York. A third order of 288 cars, also from Breda,were delivered between 1984 and 1988. These cars are numbered 30003291 and wererehabilitated by Alstom in the early 2000s. An order of 100 cars from Breda,numbered 40004099, were delivered between 1992 and 1994. A fifth order of 192cars was manufactured by Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles (CAF) ofSpain. These cars are numbered 50005191 and were delivered from 2001 through2004. A sixth order of 184 cars from Alstom Transportation was deliveredbetween 2005 and 2007. The cars have body shells built in Barcelona, Spain withassembly completed in Hornell, New York. The 7000 series of cars, currently indevelopment, are planned to go into service beginning in 2012. The new carswill be different from previous models in that they will operate as quadsinstead of pairs. The new design will allow for increased passenger capacity,elimination of redundant equipment, greater energy efficiency, and lowermaintenance costs. Metro plans to eventually purchase up to 748 cars toincrease system capacity and replace its older rolling stock. Signaling andoperation Main article: Washington Metro signaling and operation During normalpassenger operation on revenue tracks, trains are controlled by an integratedAutomatic Train Operation and Automatic Train Control system that acceleratesand brakes the trains automatically without operator intervention. However, alltrains are manned with train operators who close the doors (they can be set toopen automatically), make station announcements, and supervise their trains.The operator can manually drive a train when necessary. Security Main article:Metro Transit Police Department Metro planners designed the system withpassenger safety and order maintenance as primary considerations. The openvaulted ceiling design of stations and the limited obstructions on platformsallow few opportunities to conceal criminal activity. Station platforms arebuilt away from station walls to limit vandalism and provide for diffusedlighting of the station from recessed lights. Metro’s attempts to reduce crime,combined with how the station environments were designed with crime preventionin mind, has contributed to Metro being among the safest and cleanest subwaysystems in the United States. Metro is patrolled by its own police force, whichis charged with ensuring the safety of passengers and employees. Transit Policeofficers patrol the Metro system and Metrobuses, and they have jurisdiction andarrest powers throughout the 1,500-square-mile (3,900 km2) Metro servicearea for crimes that occur on or against transit authority facilities, orwithin 150 feet (46 m) of a Metrobus stop. The Metro Transit PoliceDepartment is the only U.S. police agency that has local police authority inthree different “state”-level jurisdictions (Maryland, Virginia, and theDistrict of Columbia). Each city and county in the Metro service area hassimilar ordinances that regulate or prohibit vending on Metro-owned property,and which prohibit riders from eating, drinking, or smoking in Metro trains,buses, and stations; the Transit Police have a reputation for enforcing theselaws rigorously. One widely-publicized incident occurred in 2000 when policearrested a 12-year-old girl for eating french fries in the Tenleytown-AUstation. In a 2004 opinion by John Roberts, now the Chief Justice of the UnitedStates, the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals upheld the girl’s arrest. By thenWMATA had answered negative publicity by adopting a policy of first issuingwarnings to juveniles, and arresting them only after three violations within ayear. Metro’s zero-tolerance policy on food, trash and other sources ofdisorder embodies the “broken windows” philosophy of crime reduction. Thisphilosophy also extends to the use of station restroom facilities. Alongstanding policy, intended to curb unlawful and unwanted activity, has beento only allow employees to use Metro restrooms. Station managers may makeexceptions for passengers with small children, the elderly, or the disabled.Metro now allows the use of restrooms by passengers who gain a stationmanager’s permission, except during periods of heightened terror alerts. Randombag searches On October 27, 2008, the Metro Transit Police Department announcedplans to immediately begin random searches of backpacks, purses, and otherbags. Transit police would search riders at random before boarding a bus orentering a station. It also explained its intent to stop anyone actingsuspiciously. Metro claims that the United States Court of Appeals for theSecond Circuit decision in MacWade v. Kelly, which upheld random searches onthe New York City Subway, allows Metro Transit Police to take similar action.Metro Transit Police Chief Michael Taborn stated that, if someone were to turnaround and simply enter the system through another escalator or elevator, Metrohas “a plan to address suspicious behavior”. Security specialist Bruce Schneiercharacterized the plan as “security theater against a movie plot threat”,implying that he does not believe that these random searches will actually helpimprove security. Metro Riders Advisory Council recommended to WMATA board ofdirectors that Metro hold at least one public meeting regarding the searchprogram. As of December 2008[update], Metro had not conducted a single bagsearch. Accidents Main article: Incidents on the Washington Metro Severalcollisions have occurred on Washington Metro, resulting in injuries andfatalities, along with numerous derailments with few or no injuries. WMATA hasbeen criticized for disregarding safety warnings and advice from experts. TheTri-State Oversight Committee oversees WMATA, but has no regulatory authority.Metro’s safety department is usually in charge of investigating incidents, butcannot require other Metro departments to implement its recommendations.Collisions Accident at the Shady Grove station on January 6, 1996 During theBlizzard of 1996, on January 6, a Metro operator was killed when a train failedto stop at the Shady Grove station. The four-car train overran the stationplatform and struck an unoccupied train that was awaiting assignment. TheNational Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigation found that the crashwas a result of a failure in the train’s computer-controlled braking system.The NTSB recommended that Metro grant train operators the ability to manuallycontrol the braking system, even in inclement weather, and recommended thatMetro prohibit parked rail cars on tracks used by inbound trains. Accident atthe Woodley Parkoo/Adams Morgan station on November 3, 2004 On November 3,2004, an out-of-service Red Line train rolled backwards into the WoodleyParkoo/Adams Morgan station and hit an in-service train stopped at theplatform. No one was killed, but 20 people were injured. A 14-monthinvestigation concluded that the train operator was most likely not alert asthe train rolled backwards into the station. Safety officials estimated thathad the train been full, at least 79 would have died. The train operator wasdismissed and Metro officials agreed to add rollback protection to more than300 rail cars. On June 22, 2009 at 5:02 p.m., two trains on the Red Linecollided. A southbound train heading toward Shady Grove stopped on the trackshort of the Fort Totten station, and another southbound train collided withits rear. Four of the cars were stacked on top of each other, and passengerswere trapped in the train. Nine people died and more than 70 were injured,dozens of which were described as “walking wounded”. According to WMATA, trainswere not single-tracking in the area when the crash occurred, but the trainswere on the same track. Red Line service was suspended between the Fort Tottenand Takoma stations, and New Hampshire Avenue was closed. One of the dead wasthe operator of the train that collided with the stopped train. On November 29,2009 at approximately 3 a.m., two trains collided at the West Falls Churchtrain yard. One train pulled in and collided into the back of the other train.No customers were aboard, and only minor injuries to the operators and cleaningstaff were reported. Derailments Green Line train following the January 7, 2007derailment On January 13, 1982, a train derailed at a malfunctioning crossoverswitch south of the Federal Triangle station. In attempting to restore thetrain to the rails, supervisors failed to notice that another car had alsoderailed. The other rail car slid off the track and hit a tunnel support,killing three people and injuring 25. Coincidentally, this accident occurred asAir Florida Flight 90 crashed into the 14th Street Bridge during a majorsnowstorm. On January 7, 2007, a Green Line train carrying approximately 120people derailed near the Mount Vernon Square station in downtown Washington. Atthe time trains were single tracking, and the derailment of the fifth caroccurred where the train was switching from the south to northbound track. Theaccident injured at least 18 people and prompted the rescue of 60 people from atunnel. At least one person had a serious but non-life-threatening injury. TheMount Vernon Square accident was one of a series of five derailments involving5000-Series cars, with four of those occurring on side tracks and not involvingpassengers. On June 9, 2008 an Orange Line train (2000-series) derailed betweenthe Rosslyn and Court House stations. On February 12, 2010, a Red Line trainderailed at about 10:13 a.m. as it left the Farragut North station in downtownWashington. After leaving the station, the train entered a pocket track. As itcontinued, an automatic derailer at the end of the pocket track intentionallyderailed the train as a safety measure. The wheels of the first two cars in thesix-car, White-Flint-bound train were forced off the tracks, stopping thetrain. Almost all of the estimated 345 passengers were evacuated from thedamaged train by 11:50 a.m. and the NTSB arrived on the accident scene by 12:00p.m. Two minor injuries were reported, and a third passenger was taken toGeorge Washington University Hospital. The cause is under investigation. Safetymeasures On July 13, 2009, WMATA adopted a “zero tolerance” policy for train orbus operators found to be texting or using other hand-held devices while on thejob. This new and stricter policy came after investigations of severalmass-transit accidents in the U.S. found that operators were texting at thetime of the accident. The policy change was announced the day after a passengerof a Metro train videotaped the operator texting while operating the train.Fare structure See also: SmarTrip Front face of a Metro farecard, listingdeclining-balance value remaining Metro fares vary based on the distancetraveled and the time of day at entry. During regular hours (weekdays fromopening until 9:30 a.m. and 37 p.m., and Friday and Saturday nights from 2:00a.m. to closing), fares range from $1.65 to $4.50, depending on distancetraveled. At all other times, fares are $1.45, $1.95, or $2.45, based ondistance traveled. Discounted fares are available for school children, thedisabled, and the elderly. Metro charges reduced fares on federal holidaysexcept those during which it provides rush hour service, including ColumbusDay, Veterans Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, and Presidents Day. Standardself-service vending machines for passes and farecards located at each stationRiders enter and exit the system using a stored-value card in the form of apaper magnetic stripe farecard or a proximity card known as SmarTrip. The fareis deducted from the balance of the card upon exiting the system. Farecards arepurchased primarily at vending machines in each station. Farecards can hold upto $45 in value and are reused until the value of the card reaches zero, uponwhich the card is “captured” by the exit kiosk. Alternatively, passengers maypurchase passes at most farecard vending machines. The passes are used the sameway as farecards but grant riders unlimited travel within the system for acertain period of time. Some Metro passes restrict the times and distances thatthe pass may be used. Users can add value to any farecard, but riders must payan exit fare if the cost of a trip is higher than their card’s balance.SmarTrip users are allowed to exit the system with a negative balance but mustadd the fare to the card before re-entering the system. Riders may transfer forfree, provided they do not exit through the faregates. SmarTrip users receive a$0.50 discount on bus-to-rail and rail-to-bus transfers. On January 7, 2010,the WMATA board approved hearings to consider a temporary 10-cent fare increaseon rail and bus fares to take effect in April through July 2010 in order tomake up for a budget shortfall. The increase was approved, took effect onFebruary 28, 2010, and will last until June 27, 2010. Future expansion Map ofwhat the Metro system might look like in 2030, based on an April 24, 2008proposal to the Metro board. In addition to the Silver Line, map shows severallight rail lines, service modifications, and a re-aligned Blue line. WMATAexpects an average of one million riders daily by 2030. The need to increasecapacity has renewed plans to add 220 cars to the system and reroute trains toalleviate congestion at the busiest stations. Population growth in the regionhas also revived efforts to extend service, build new stations, and constructadditional lines. Silver Line The most prominent expansion is the Silver Line,a 23-mile (37 km) extension from the Orange Line into Loudoun County,Virginia by way of Tysons Corner and Washington Dulles International Airport.Rail to Dulles has been discussed since the system opened in 1976. The currentSilver Line project was formally proposed in 2002 and initially approved by theFederal Transit Administration in 2004. After several delays, federal fundingfor the Silver Line was secured in December 2008 and construction began inMarch 2009. The line will be constructed in two phases: to Wiehle Avenue inReston, Virginia in 2013, and to Virginia Route 772, beyond Dulles Airport, in2015. Blue Line realignment Blue Line trains share a single tunnel with OrangeLine trains in order to cross the Potomac River. The current tunnel limitsservice in each direction, creating a choke point. A 2001 proposal would havererouted the Blue Line between the Rosslyn and Stadium-Armory stations bybuilding a bridge or tunnel from Virginia to a new station in Georgetown. Theproposal was later rejected due to cost. In October 2008, Metro released astudy on the possibility of rerouting some Blue Line trains over the 14thStreet Bridge, currently used by Yellow Line trains. This Blue Line realignmentwould increase service directly to downtown and relieve congestion at theRosslyn tunnel. If implemented, the new service between Franconiapringfield andGreenbelt stations may be referred to as a new line. Fort Belvoir and FortMeade extensions In 2005, the Defense Department announced that it would beshifting 18,000 jobs to Fort Belvoir in Virginia and at least 5,000 jobs toFort Meade in Maryland by 2012, as part of that year’s Base Realignment andClosure plan. In anticipation of such a move, local officials and the militaryproposed extending the Blue and Green Lines to service each base. The proposedextension of the Green Line could cost $100 million per mile, and a light railextension to Fort Belvoir was estimated to cost up to $800 million. Neitherproposal has established timelines for planning or construction. Potomac Yardstation In 2008, officials began to explore the possibility of adding a stationin the Potomac Yard area of Alexandria on the Blue and Yellow Lines between theNational Airport and Braddock Road stations. The project remains in theexploratory stages, and construction funding (estimated at $150 million) hasnot been approved. Non-Metrorail projects Proposed route of the Purple Line Anumber of light rail and urban streetcar projects have been proposed to extendor supplement service provided by Metro. Like the Silver Line in Virginia, theproposed Purple Line has been in planning since the 1980s. The project wasoriginally envisioned as a circular heavy rail line connecting the outerstations on each branch of Metrorail system, in a pattern roughly mirroring theCapital Beltway. The current proposal would create a light rail system inMaryland between the Bethesda and New Carrollton stations by way of SilverSpring and College Park. Such a plan would connect both branches of the RedLine to the Green and Orange Lines, and would decrease the travel time betweensuburban Metro stations. The project is still undergoing regulatory approvalbut has received significant backing from local officials and Marylandlawmakers in January 2009. The Corridor Cities Transitway (CCT) would linkClarksburg, Maryland in northern Montgomery County with the Shady Grove stationon the Red Line. The CCT is currently scheduled to open in 2016. In 2005, aMaryland lawmaker proposed a light rail system to connect areas of SouthernMaryland, especially the rapidly-growing area around the town of Waldorf, tothe Branch Avenue station on the Green Line. The project is still in theplanning stages. In Washington, a new DC Streetcar system is under constructionto link various neighborhoods to Washington Metro stations. The first tram linewill connect Bolling Air Force Base to the Anacostia station and is expected toopen in late 2009. Streetcar routes have been proposed in the Atlas District,Capitol Hill, and the K Street corridor. In Virginia, the Pike TransitInitiative is a streetcar project that will link Annandale, Virginia alongColumbia Pike to the Pentagon City station in Arlington. The streetcars areexpected to begin service in 2011. See also List of rapid transit systems Listof United States rapid transit systems by ridership Transportation inWashington, D.C. United States Capitol Subway System References ^ Dawson,Christie R. (June 8, 2009). “Heavy Rail Transit Ridership Report, First Quarter2009″. apta.com. American Public Transportation Association.http://www.apta.com/resources/statistics/Documents/Ridership/2009_q2_ridership_APTA.pdf.Retrieved 2009-08-16.  See also:http://www.apta.com/resources/statistics/Pages/ridershipreport.aspx ^Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority, Frequently Asked Questions,accessed July 2009: “What do I need to know to build near Metro property? Metroreviews designs and monitors construction of projects adjacent to Metrorail andMetrobus property…” ^ a b c d e f g “WMATA Facts”. WMATA. August 2008.http://www.wmata.com/about_metro/docs/metrofacts.pdf. Retrieved2009-01-27.  ^ Dawson, Christie (December 4, 2008). “Heavy Rail RapidTransit Ridership Report, Third Quarter 2008″. American Public TransportationAssociation.http://www.apta.com/research/stats/ridership/riderep/documents/08q3hr.pdf.Retrieved 2009-01-27.  ^ a b c “215 million people rode Metro in fiscalyear 2008″. WMATA. July 8, 2008.http://www.wmata.com/about_metro/news/PressReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=2179.Retrieved 2009-01-27.  ^ “Harland Bartholomew: His Contributions toAmerican Urban Planning” (PDF). American Planning Association.http://stlouis.missouri.org/heritage/bartholomew/HBaACh10.pdf. Retrieved2006-11-22.  ^ Schrag, Zachary (2006). The Great Society Subway: A Historyof the Washington Metro. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN ISBN0-8018-8246-X.  ^ a b c d “WMATA History” (PDF). WMATA.http://www.wmata.com/about_metro/docs/history.pdf. Retrieved 2009-01-26. ^ a b Schrag, Zachary M.. “Planning: The Adopted Regional System, 1966-1968″.http://chnm.gmu.edu/metro/plan2.html. Retrieved 2006-08-17.  ^“Washington, DC Metrorail Construction”. www.fta.dot.gov. Federal TransitAdministration. http://www.fta.dot.gov/funding/data/grants_financing_1115.html.Retrieved 17 December 2008.  ^ WMATA (2009-01-21). “Metro sets new recordfor highest ridership day of all time”. Press release.http://www.wmata.com/about_metro/news/PressReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=2440. ^ Layton, Lyndsey (February 2, 2006). “Metro Chooses New oors’ Voice”. TheWashington Post: p. B01.http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/02/01/AR2006020101626.html. ^ “Construction”. Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority.http://www.dullesmetro.com/construction/index.cfm. Retrieved 2009-04-21. ^ “Dulles Metrorail Project Overview”. Metropolitan Washington AirportsAuthority. http://www.dullesmetro.com/about/index.cfm. Retrieved2009-01-28.  ^ “Discover A New Horizon”. Rosslyn Magazine 1 (2): 21.Summer 2006.  ^ a b “Media Guide 2008″. WMATA.http://www.wmata.com/about_metro/docs/media_guide_2008.pdf. Retrieved2009-01-28.  ^ a b “Core Stations Capacity Enhancements”. WMATA. October21, 2008. http://www.wmata.com/pdfs/planning/Demand_Passenger Facilities.pdf.Retrieved 2009-01-28.  ^ “July 4th, 2005 Operations Plan”. WMATA. June 16,2005.http://www.wmata.com/about_metro/board_of_directors/board_docs/061605_IVBJuly4OperationsPlan.pdf.Retrieved 2009-01-28.  ^ “Several Metrorail stations to be entry/exit onlyon Inauguration Day”. WMATA. January 13, 2009.http://www.wmata.com/about_metro/news/PressReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=2419.Retrieved 2009-01-28.  ^ a b “Tuesday Red Line service altered as a resultof Monday collision”. WMATA press release. June 23, 2009.http://www.wmata.com/about_metro/news/PressReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=2624.Retrieved 2009-06-23.  ^ “Glossary”. WMATA.http://www.wmata.com/about_metro/media_relations/glossary.cfm. Retrieved2009-01-28.  ^ WMATA (April 9, 2009). “Metrorail system adds trains tofleet”. Press release.http://www.wmata.com/about_metro/news/PressReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=2546.Retrieved 2009-07-16.  ^ “NTSB Accident Report RAR-06-01, CollisionBetween Two Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority Trains at theWoodley Park- Zoo/Adams Morgan Station in Washington, D.C. November 3, 2004″.National Transportation Safety Board. pp. 56.http://www.ntsb.gov/publictn/2006/RAR0601.pdf. Retrieved 2009-05-04.  ^“Railcars Semi-Annual Update”. Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority.February 8, 2007.http://www.wmata.com/about_metro/board_of_directors/board_docs/020807_4a.pdf.Retrieved 2009-01-28.  ^ “7000 Series Railcar Program: Overview”. WMATA.September 25, 2008.http://www.wmata.com/about_metro/board_of_directors/board_docs/092508_8A7000SeriesRailcar.pdf.Retrieved 2009-01-28.  ^ “Precision Station Stopping Progress Update”.WMATA. March 21, 2005.http://www.wmata.com/about_metro/board_of_directors/board_docs/033105_Rev3033005PrecisionStopping.pdf.Retrieved 2009-01-27.  ^ La Vigne, Nancy G. (November 1997) (PDF).Visibility and Vigilance: Metro’s Situational Approach to Preventing SubwayCrime (Research in Brief). National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department ofJustice. http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles/166372.pdf.  ^ a b La Vigne, NancyG. (1996). “Safe Transport: Security by Design on the Washington Metro (Chapter6)”. in Clarke, Ronald V. (editor). Preventing Mass Transit Crime. CriminalJustice Press. ISBN 1881798283.  ^ “Metro Transit Police”. WMATA.http://www.wmata.com/about_metro/transit_police. Retrieved 2006-08-19.  ^Sullivan, Emmet G. (2003-09-30). “Hedgepeth v. WMATA, et al.” (PDF). UnitedStates District Court for the District of Columbia.http://news.findlaw.com/wp/docs/crights/dcfrycase93003opn.pdf.  ^Hedgepeth v. Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority, 386 F.3d 1148(D.C. Cir. 2004) (Argued September 17, 2004 decided October 26, 2004) ^ Layton,Lyndsey (2003-01-05). “If You Have to Go, Perhaps Soon You Can Go on Metro”.The Washington Post: p. C04.http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn?pagename=article&node=&contentId=A11550-2003Jan4&notFound=true. ^ WMATA (August 10, 2006). “Metro steps up security as a precaution afterfoiled London terror plot”. Press release.http://www.wmata.com/about_metro/news/PressReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=3844. ^ Lena H. Sun (2008-10-28). “Metro to Randomly Search Riders’ Bags”. TheWashington Post: p. A01.http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/10/27/AR2008102700767.html. ^ Appeals court decision: Brieant, Charles L.; Newman and Straub, CircuitJudges (August 11, 2006). “Brendan MacWade and four other Plaintiffs v. RaymondKelly, Defendant”. www.aele.org. Americans for Effective Law Enforcement.http://www.aele.org/law/2006LRSEP/macwade-kelly.html. Retrieved November 7,2009.  Original complaint: New York Civil Liberties Foundation (August 4,2005). “MacWade v. Kelly” (PDF). findlaw.com. FindLaw.http://news.findlaw.com/hdocs/docs/nyc/mcwadenyc80405cmp.pdf. RetrievedNovember 7, 2009.  ^ “News Q & A: MTPD Security Inspection Program”.WMATA. http://www.wmata.com/about_metro/news/faqs/preview.cfm?faqID=50.Retrieved 2009-01-27.  ^ “Metro Transit’s Top Cop Discusses New SearchPolicy”. The Washington Post. 2008-10-28.http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/discussion/2008/10/27/DI2008102702325.html.Retrieved 2009-01-27.  ^ “Bruce Schneier Talks Metro Bag Searches”. TheWashington Post. 2008-10-31.http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/discussion/2008/10/30/DI2008103003705.html.Retrieved 2009-01-27.  ^ Dr. Gridlock (2008-12-07). “Discussion Overdue OnMetrorail Bag-Search Policy”. The Washington Post: p. C02.http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/12/06/AR2008120601866.html. ^ Becker, Jo; Lyndsey Layton (2005-06-06). “Safety Warnings Often Ignored atMetro”. The Washington Post.http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/06/05/AR2005060500968.html.Retrieved 2009-06-25.  ^ “Railroad Accident Report: Collision ofWashington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority Train T-111 with Standing Trainat Shady Grove Passenger Station, Gaithersburg, Maryland, January 6, 1996″.National Transportation Safety Board. 1996-10-29.http://www.ntsb.gov/publictn/1996/rar9604.pdf. Retrieved 2009-01-27.  ^Layton, Lyndsey; Steven Ginsberg (2004-11-04). “20 Injured in Crash of 2 RedLine Trains”. The Washington Post: pp. A01.http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A22466-2004Nov3.html. Retrieved2009-01-27.  ^ Sun, Lena H. (2006-03-23). “Dozing Operator Blamed in RailAccident”. The Washington Post: p. A01.http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/03/23/AR2006032300974.html. ^ “Metro: Train operator not using cell phone  wtop.com”. Wtopnews.com.2009-06-25. http://www.wtopnews.com/?nid=25&sid=1702179. Retrieved2009-07-16.  ^ “Metro  Home page”. Wmata.com.http://www.wmata.com/about_metro/news/rotator.cfm?id=0AB5FB0A-1EC9-3EBA-50AC57E553EF6E9E.Retrieved 2009-07-16.  ^ “Metro Trains Collide; At Least 1 Dead”.Myfoxphilly.com.http://www.myfoxphilly.com/dpp/news/national/062209_metro_train_collision_2599596#.Retrieved 2009-07-16.  ^ “Photos from the scene”. Myfoxdc.com.http://www.myfoxdc.com/dpp/news/local/062209_metro_train_collision. Retrieved2009-07-16.  ^ “9 Killed, 76 Injured in Deadliest Disaster in MetroHistory|ABC 7 News”. Wjla.com. 2009-06-23.http://www.wjla.com/news/stories/0609/634125.html. Retrieved 2009-07-16. ^ Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (November 29, 2009). “Twotrains collide inside rail yard”. Press release.http://www.wmata.com/about_metro/news/PressReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=4160.Retrieved 2009-11-29.  ^ Klein, Allison; Martin Well (2007-01-08). “GreenLine Metro Train Derails; at Least 18 Hurt”. The Washington Post: pp. A01.http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/07/AR2007010700827.html.Retrieved 2009-06-24.  ^ a b Weiss, Eric M. (2007-01-09). “FederalInvestigators Question Metro’s Safety”. The Washington Post: pp. A01.http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/08/AR2007010800195.html.Retrieved 2009-01-27.  ^ Sun, Lena H.; Daniela Dean (2008-06-10). “MetroTrain Derails, Causing Major Delays”. The Washington Post: pp. B01.http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/09/AR2008060901703.html.Retrieved 2009-06-24.  ^ Sun, Lena H. (2008-06-11). “Metro Says OperatorWasn’t First to Detect Derailment”. The Washington Post: pp. B01.http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/10/AR2008061000546.html.Retrieved 2009-06-24.  ^ “D.C. Metro train derails at Farragut North”.Washington Post. February 12, 2010.http://voices.washingtonpost.com/getthere/2010/02/train_derails_at_farragut_nort.html.Retrieved February 13, 2010.  ^ John Hughes (July 9, 2009). “WashingtonMetro Train Operators Caught Texting Will Be Fired”. Bloomberg.com.http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601103&sid=aQFnCkF0qCSs.  ^ ab “Metrorail Fares”. WMATA. http://www.wmata.com/fares/metrorail.cfm. Retrieved2009-01-27.  ^ “General Manager Fiscal 2008 Proposed Operating and CapitalBudgets”. WMATA. 2006-12-14.http://www.wmata.com/about_metro/board_of_directors/board_docs/121406_6GMGRProposedBudget.pdf.Retrieved 2009-01-27.  ^ “How to Use Metrorail Faregates, Farecards, andPasses”. WMATA. http://www.wmata.com/getting_around/faregates.cfm. Retrieved2009-01-27.  ^ “Metro Pass and Farecard Options”. WMATA.http://www.wmata.com/fares/purchase/passes.cfm. Retrieved 2009-01-27.  ^“Important Information about SmarTrip”. WMATA.http://www.wmata.com/fares/smartrip/important_info.cfm. Retrieved2009-01-27.  ^ Tyson, Ann Scott (January 8, 2010). “10-cent fare hikeproposed for Metro”. Washington Post: p. B1.http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/01/07/AR2010010702588.html?hpid=newswell.Retrieved January 8, 2010.  ^ “Metro details improvements to meet futurecapacity needs”. WMATA. 2008-04-18.http://www.wmata.com/about_metro/news/PressReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=2064.Retrieved 2008-12-08.  ^ a b “Dulles Metrorail is Coming” (PDF). DullesCorridor Metrorail Project. April 2008.http://www.dullesmetro.com/pdfs/Dulles-Fact-Sheet.pdf. Retrieved2009-01-25.  ^ Gardner, Amy (2008-12-04). “Silver Line To Dulles WinsCrucial Federal Okay”. The Washington Post: p. A01.http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/12/03/AR2008120302256.html.Retrieved 2008-12-07.  ^ “Project Timeline”. Metropolitan WashingtonAirports Authority. http://www.dullesmetro.com/about/timeline.cfm. Retrieved2009-09-14.  ^ “Metro Long Range Planning”. National Association toRestore Pride in America’s Capital. http://www.narpac.org/METROLRP.HTM.Retrieved 2009-01-25.  ^ Whoriskey, Peter (2005-04-15). “Choke Point SlowsOrange Line Trains”. The Washington Post: p. B01.http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A54434-2005Apr14.html.  ^“New Rail Service, Franconia-Springfield to Greenbelt”. WMATA. October 2008.http://www.wmata.com/about_metro/riders_advisory_council/minutes/docs/Blue LineSplit RAC Presentation, October 8, 2008.pdf. Retrieved 2009-01-25.  ^Smith, Leef (2005-05-20). “Metro Studies Ft. Belvoir Extension”. The WashingtonPost: p. B01.http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/05/19/AR2005051901618.html. ^ McGowan, Phillip (2005-06-09). “Fort Meade proposes Metro extension”. TheBaltimore Sun.http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/traffic/bal-md.ar.bases09jun09,1,1245355.story. ^ Sun, Lena (2008-06-06). “New Push For Metro Station in Alexandria”. TheWashington Post: p. B01.http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/05/AR2008060501570.html. ^ a b Shaver, Katherine (2009-01-23). “Leggett Endorses Light-Rail Plan”. TheWashington Post: p. B03.http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/01/22/AR2009012203666.html.Retrieved 2009-01-26.  ^ “Where Would the Purple Line Go?”. Sierra Club.http://www.sierraclub.org/dc/sprawl/purple-line/purple-line-connections.html.Retrieved 2009-01-26.  ^ “Overview  The Purple Line”. MarylandTransit Administration. http://www.purplelinemd.com/overview. Retrieved2009-01-26.  ^ “The Corridor Cities Transitway”. Montgomery CountyPlanning Department.http://www.montgomeryplanning.org/transportation/projects/corridor.shtm.Retrieved 2009-01-26.  ^ “Major Transit and HOV Improvements”.Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments. 2008-11-19.http://www.mwcog.org/clrp/projects/transithov.asp. Retrieved 2009-01-26. ^ Paley, Amit (2005-02-15). “Dyson Pushes Light Rail, Expansion of Bridge”. TheWashington Post: p. SM01.http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A18469-2005Feb12.html.  ^Sun, Lena (2008-07-13). “Transit Plan on Track”. The Washington Post:p. C01.http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/07/12/AR2008071201834.html.Retrieved 2008-07-13.  ^ Laris, Michael (2008-01-14). “Streetcar Plan HasMoney and Desire”. The Washington Post: p. B01.http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/13/AR2008011303609.html.Retrieved 2009-01-26.  External links Wikimedia Commons has media relatedto: Washington Metro Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority Officialsite Metro Transit Police Official site StationMasters Online Neighborhood mapsand panoramic photographs of each station MetroRiders.Org Metro PassengerAdvocacy Group Dulles Corridor Metrorail Project Dulles Corridor RailAssociation Building the Washington Metro Transit enthusiast sitesworld.nycsubway.org Washington Metro The Schumin Web Transit Center (WashingtonMetro) Oren’s Transit Page (Washington, D.C.) UrbanRail.net Washington MetroJohn R. Cambron. “Various Documents, Pictures and Maps of Washington Metro”.Archived from the original on 2007-05-09.http://web.archive.org/web/20070509124714/www.chesapeake.net/~cambronj/. Home Page of John R Cambron “The Pipeshaft: Infrastructure of the D.C.Metrorail”. Archived from the original on 2007-04-17.http://web.archive.org/web/20070417222849/www.pipeshaft.com.  GP BusGallery Maps ShouldIMetro.com Interactive map of the DC metro system thatcalculates distances from addresses to the nearest Metro stop and providesuseful info like next train times. DCRails.com Google Maps representation ofMetrorail with address lookup. An alternate Google Maps representation showingall lines drawn in Archived version of a track map on nycsubway.org that wasremoved post-9/11 at the request of WMATA. Track schematic of 106 Mile SystemTrack schematic of 129 mile system (Dulles Corridor Metrorail Project) Planned2030 Track schematic Stationmasters, map of the Washington Metro with360-degree photos of each station’s surroundings and highly detailed local mapsWashington Metro daily rail operations visualized (Java applet, unofficial)Equipment “Document describing line nomenclature, operation and signaling”.Archived from the original on 2007-02-10.http://web.archive.org/web/20070210090132/www.chesapeake.net/~cambronj/wmata/track_schematic/wmata_track_schematic_nomenclature.htm. “Traction Motor Repair”. Swiger Coil Systems.http://www.swigercoil.com/traction-Motor-Repair.asp.  “On Track With AddedValue”. Engineered Casting Solutions. November/December 2005. Archived from theoriginal on 2006-10-20.http://web.archive.org/web/20061020015634/www.castsolutions.com/archive/feature_article_1105.html. v  d  e Washington Metropolitan Area Transit AuthorityServices Metrorail  Metrobus Metrorail lines      RedLine       Orange Line      Blue Line       Yellow Line      Green Line Future projects     Silver Line       Purple Line  Columbia PikeStreetcar  DC Streetcar General managers Jackson Graham  Warren D.Quenstedt  Theodore C. Lutz  Richard S. Page  Carmen E.Turner  William A. Boleyn  David L. Gunn  Lawrence G.Reuter  Robert Polk  Richard A. White  Dan Tangherlini John B. Catoe Jr. Miscellaneous List of Metro stations  Metro Access Metro Transit Police Department  Major incidents  Metro rollingstock  Metro signaling and operation  SmarTripv  d  e Transit in Metropolitan Washington, D.C. AgenciesWashington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority  Maryland TransitAdministration  District of Columbia Department of Transportation Northern Virginia Transportation Commission  Potomac and RappahannockTransportation Commission Metrorail      Red Line      Orange Line       BlueLine       Yellow Line      Green Line  List of stations Commuter Rail MARC Train  VirginiaRailway Express Bus Arlington Transit  Connect-a-Ride  CUE Bus DASH  DC Circulator  Fairfax Connector  GEORGE  LoudounCounty Commuter Bus  Metrobus (list of routes)  MTA Maryland CommuterBus  OmniRide  Ride On  TheBus  Metro Access Paratransitservice Future projects      Silver Line      Purple Line  Corridor Cities Transitway  DCStreetcar  K Street Busway  Pike Transit Initiative  CrystalCity – Potomac Yard Transitway v  d  e Currently operatingheavy rail rapid transit systems in the United States MBTA (Blue, Orange, andRed Lines)  MTA (New York City Subway and Staten Island Railway) Port Authority Trans-Hudson  SEPTA (Marketrankford, Broad Street andNorristown High Speed lines)  PATCO Speedline  MTA Maryland (MetroSubway)  WMATA (Washington Metro)  MARTA  Miami-Dade Transit(Metrorail)  Tren Urbano  RTA Rapid Transit (Red Line)  CTA(Chicago ‘L’)  BART  LACMTA (Metro Purple and Metro Red Lines)Coordinates: 385357 770144 / 38.89908N 77.02897W / 38.89908; -77.02897Categories: Washington Metro | Passenger rail transport in Maryland | Passengerrail transport in Virginia | Rapid transit in the United States | 1976introductions | Underground rapid transit systems | Northern VirginiaHiddencategories: Articles containing potentially dated statements from June 2009 |All articles containing potentially dated statements | Articles containingpotentially dated statements from December 2008